Sažetak

U radu je prikazan novi kombinirani pristup u obradi otpadnih voda od prerade maslina trostupanjskom centrifugalnom ekstrakcijom. U cilju uklanjanja organskih/anorganskih onečišćivala iz otpadne vode ispod graničnih vrijednosti propisanih za ispust u okoliš testirane su i optimizirane tri kemijske metode (oksidacija ozonom, oksidacija ozonom + koagulacija pomoću FeCl3, oksidacija ozonom + taloženje pomoću CaO) u svrhu predobrade i tri elektrokemijske metode (elektrooksidacija, elektroredukcija i elektrokoagulacija) u svrhu glavne obrade. Otpadna voda je okarakterizirana tamno smeđom bojom, neugodnim mirisom, niskim pH (5,34), visokom elektrovodljivošću (53,4 mS/cm) i visokim vrijednostima KPK (84000 mg/L), BPK5 (29300 mg/L) i UOU (13700 mg/L). Između korištenih kemijskih metoda predobrade, oksidacija ozonom u kombinaciji s taloženjem pomoću CaO se pokazala najefikasnijom rezultirajući uklanjanjem 96,59 % boje, 96,04 % mutnoće, 98,29 % suspendirane tvari, 65,60 % KPK, 88,57 % BPK5, 85,61 % UOU, 99,58 % fosfata, 47,23 % amonija i 99,43 % željeza te je ista odabrana za predobradu otpadne vode. Kombinacijom navedene predobrade i elektrokemijskih metoda stupanj uklanjanja, gore navedenih pokazatelja, se kretao od 99,51 do 100 %, pri čemu je dobiven bistar efluent, bez boje i mirisa, a svi ostali mjereni pokazatelji su zadovoljavali granične vrijednosti za ispust u okoliš..; The paper presents a new, combined approach to olive oil mill wastewater treatment by means of three-phase centrifugal extraction. To remove organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater below limit values proscribed for discharges into the environment, three chemical methods were also tested and optimized (ozone oxidation, ozone oxidation + coagulation with FeCl3, ozone oxidation + sedimentation with CaO) for the purpose of pretreatment and three electrochemical methods (electrooxidation, electroreduction and electrocoagulation) for the purpose of main treatment. The wastewater was characterised by dark brown colour, unpleasant odour, low pH (5.34), high electroconductivity (53.4 mS/cm) and high values of COD (84000 mg/L), BOD5 (29300 mg/L) and TOC (13700 mg/L). Among the applied chemical pretreatment methods, ozone oxidation in combination with sedimentation with CaO proved to be the most efficient, resulting in the removal of 96.59 % colour, 96.04 % turbidity, 98.29 % suspended solids, 65.60 % COD, 88.57 % BOD5, 85.61 % TOC, 99.58 % phosphates, 47.23 % ammonium and 99.43 % iron, and was therefore selected for wastewater pretreatment. The combination of the mentioned pretreatment and electrochemical methods, the removal level of the listed indicators ranged from 99.51 to 100 % and resulted in clear effluent without colour or odour, while all other measured indicators satisfied the limit values for discharges into the environment.